PAI-280 · Education

Measuring Energy in Physical AI: Where You Put the Meter

A robot energy figure is only meaningful once you say where the meter was and which definition of energy you used. This module builds both, on one two-axis instrument, and ends with a reporting record a reviewer can actually check.

Intermediate → Skilled·1 module · 5 labs·5 lessons
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Module 1

One motion, every way of measuring it

Establish that a robot energy number is a coordinate, not a fact: it depends on the measurement plane and the energy model, and neither is fixed by any published standard.

  1. L3Where you put the meterMeasure one motion at four planes and show the answer changes.→
  2. L3Three ways to lose the same jouleSplit braking energy into recycled, exported and burnt, and show a mains meter cannot separate them.→
  3. L3The one-volt raceShow that a comparator tolerance, not the control law, can decide where a machine's energy goes.→
  4. L41/T³ and 1/TFit the scaling exponent for two published energy models and show they disagree.→
  5. L4The reporting recordBuild an energy report a reviewer can check, using what the existing standards already supply.→