L2 · PAI-150

Balancing the Line

Balance a multi-station line so no single station dominates — including the SECOND bottleneck that appears once you fix the first — to hit a high throughput target.

01
Challenge

Try this first — before any explanation.

This four-station line runs at 6/min; the target is 12/min. Fix the obvious bottleneck and a new one immediately takes its place. Balance the line so every station can keep up.

The Bench

Edit the production line (JSON: each station has a cycle time in seconds and a number of parallel machines), then run it. The twin animates parts flowing and grades the line's throughput.

VIRTUAL FACTORY

Balancing the Line

Edit the production line (JSON: each station has a cycle time in seconds and a number of parallel machines), then run it. The twin animates parts flowing and grades the line's throughput.

02
Model

The idea, built visually.

Fix the slowest station and you don't win — you just promote the second-slowest to bottleneck. To hit a target rate, every station has to clear the same bar: the required cycle, which is sixty divided by the target. Twelve a minute means five seconds a part, everywhere. Any station slower than five — per machine — needs more machines until it drops under the bar. Balancing isn't speeding up one thing; it's getting the whole line under the same ceiling.

▣ Stage animation: Four stations; the tall 'Drill' bar gets halved (×2) and the readout jumps — then 'Test' lights up as the new bottleneck; a dashed 'required cycle = 5s' line drops across all bars, and machines are added until every bar sits under it, readout locking at 12/min.

03
Guided practice

Build it up, step by step.

1. Required cycle. target 12/min → 60/12 = 5 s/part ceiling for every station. 2. Who's over? Drill 10/1 = 10 and Test 8/1 = 8 both exceed 5; Cut and Assemble (5) are fine. 3. Add machines until under the ceiling. Drill ×2 = 5, Test ×2 = 4. Now the max per-machine cycle is 5 → 12/min.

04
Feedback

How the Bench grades your run.

PASS WHEN PASS when EVERY station's per-machine cycle is ≤ the required cycle (5 s) so the line sustains 12/min.

  • You fixed one station but the SECOND-slowest is now the bottleneck — bring it under 5 s/part too.
  • Required cycle for 12/min is 60/12 = 5 s/part; any station above that (per machine) caps the line.
  • Over-built — you added machines to a station already under 5 s/part; not wrong for throughput, but wasteful (see the next lesson).
05
Retrieve & space

Bring back what you've already mastered.

  • Required cycle for a target rate R/min = ____ (60 ÷ R).
  • After you fix the bottleneck, the new limit is the ____-slowest station (second).
  • A balanced line has every station at roughly the ____ per-machine cycle (same).
06
Mastery gate

What you must demonstrate to advance.

Balance every station under the required cycle so the line sustains the target rate.

07
Project

How this feeds your build.

Line balancing + bottleneck analysis combine in the factory capstone.